ACCA職業(yè)道德模塊提分秘訣，附例題解析

　　從歷年的考試情況來(lái)看，職業(yè)道德一直是AAA科目中主要的組成部分，也是每次考試基本必考的模塊。為了提高考生對(duì)這部分考點(diǎn)的理解，下面會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)就為大家重點(diǎn)解析下ACCA考試職業(yè)道德模塊提分秘訣。

　　職業(yè)道德是每次AAA考試的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域，而且也是比較容易提高得分的部分，但是考生不能再局限于死記硬背，更多的是展現(xiàn)對(duì)知識(shí)的理解和運(yùn)用。

　　我也想通過(guò)這篇文章，給大家呈現(xiàn)一些考官提到過(guò)的有代表性的答題技巧，幫大家提高職業(yè)道德模塊的答題分?jǐn)?shù)，讓咱們能順利通過(guò)考試。

　　這部分涉及到的一些準(zhǔn)則包括：

　　ACCA’s Code of Ethics and Conduct (2016)

　　IESBA’s Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (Revised May 2015)

　　IESBA–Changes to the Code Addressing Certain Non-Assurance Services Provisions for Audit and Assurance Clients Ethical Considerations Relating to Audit Fee Setting in the Context of Downward Fee Pressure (January 2016)

　　首先大家要對(duì)上述準(zhǔn)則詳細(xì)掌握，包括基本的道德準(zhǔn)則：Integrity, Objectivity, Professional Competence and Due Care, Confidentiality, and Professional Behaviour 這五條，以及如Self Review, Self Interest, Advocacy, Familiarity, and Intimidation 這五類道德威脅。

　　比較常見的考察方法包括我們對(duì)于道德威脅的識(shí)別和給出相應(yīng)的防范措施，但其中有一部分比過(guò)去AA中考察分?jǐn)?shù)增加的地方是，我們要明確指出這種威脅所帶來(lái)的的負(fù)面影響，所以我們?cè)诖痤}時(shí)要結(jié)合題目寫出以下三個(gè)方面：

　　(a) Identify threats to independence

　　(b) Evaluate the significance of the threats identified

　　(c) Apply safeguards, when necessary, to eliminate the threats or reduce them to an acceptable level.

　　接下來(lái)我們來(lái)看一道例題：

　　Example 1

　　The audit committee of, Mumbai Co, has asked the partner to consider whether it would be possible for the audit team to perform a review of the company’s internal control system. A number of recent incidents have raised concerns amongst the management team that controls have deteriorated and that this has increased the risk of fraud, as well as inefficient commercial practices. The auditor’s report for the audit of the financial statements of Mumbai Co for the year ended 31 March 2016 was signed a few weeks ago. Mumbai Co is a listed company.

　　Required: Comment on the ethical issues raised and the actions your firm should take in response to the client’s request. (6 marks)

　　在上面這個(gè)例題中，要求我們?yōu)楸粚徲?jì)客戶提供額外的非審計(jì)服務(wù)-對(duì)其內(nèi)控系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。這會(huì)導(dǎo)致self-review的威脅，并可能導(dǎo)致承擔(dān)management responsibility。當(dāng)然識(shí)別出這種威脅僅僅是回答問(wèn)題的第一步，只回答威脅的名稱是不會(huì)得分的，我們需要進(jìn)一步的分析解釋。 因此，要如下作答：

　　首先識(shí)別威脅并提供分析原因：

　　Providing a review of the company’s system and controls gives rise to a self-review threat as these controls will then be reviewed by the firm when determining our audit strategy. The firm may be reluctant to highlight errors or adopt a substantive approach during the audit as this may highlight deficiencies in the firm’s work on the additional service. (此答案可得1分)

　　The design of systems and controls is a management responsibility so a review of such may give rise to a situation where the auditor is assuming a management responsibility by taking on the role of management. (此答案可得1分)

　　接下來(lái)我們要評(píng)估案例中情形的影響，并給出防范措施：

　　The code states that the threat to independence of undertaking management responsibilities for an audit client is so significant that there are no safeguards which could reduce the threat to an acceptable level. (此答案可得1分)

　　當(dāng)然我們也可以從其他方面去分析上述情景，言之有理亦會(huì)獲得答題分?jǐn)?shù)。

　　比如客戶是上市公司，那我們可以說(shuō)：

　　Management responsibility can be avoided if the client takes responsibility for monitoring the reports made and taking the decisions on recommendations.

　　However, as this client is listed, we are prohibited from undertaking internal audit services which relate to a significant part of the controls over financial reporting.

　　As such we must decline the additional work. (上述內(nèi)容也可得到3分)

　　所以大家可根據(jù)上述示例來(lái)更好的規(guī)劃編寫我們的答案，記住只識(shí)別出威脅的名稱是無(wú)法得到分?jǐn)?shù)的，而需要有更多的分析來(lái)展示我們對(duì)于知識(shí)的理解和運(yùn)用，希望大家都能在職業(yè)道德模塊獲得滿分。

　　來(lái)源：ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫