在往年ACCA考試中，Absorption costing 吸收成本法和Marginal costing 邊際成本法一直都是MA科目考試的必考內(nèi)容，很多同學(xué)對(duì)于這兩個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)并不是很理解，下面會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)就跟大家詳細(xì)講解。

　　一、對(duì)于AC和MC究竟需要掌握哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)，掌握到什么程度?

　　A： 對(duì)于這兩種成本法，大家需要掌握4部分的內(nèi)容：1) 兩種成本法的利潤(rùn)表2) 兩種成本法的區(qū)別3) 兩種成本法的聯(lián)系4) 兩種成本法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

　　前三點(diǎn)是大家一定!一定!要熟練掌握的內(nèi)容，我們的考查重點(diǎn)也是前面三個(gè)部分;最后的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在文字題當(dāng)中，考察的頻率不高，大家只要有個(gè)基本的了解就可以了。

　　二、AC MC兩種成本法具體的利潤(rùn)計(jì)算公式是什么呢?

　　A:AC MC下的利潤(rùn)是要根據(jù)利潤(rùn)表進(jìn)行計(jì)算的，二者的利潤(rùn)表結(jié)構(gòu)如圖。

　　三、AC和MC兩種成本法又有什么聯(lián)系?

　　A：兩種成本法的凈利潤(rùn)是存在聯(lián)系的：

　　AC凈利潤(rùn) = MC 凈利潤(rùn) + OAR * (purchase – sales )同時(shí)根據(jù)存貨的變動(dòng)公式：opening inventory + purchase - closing inventory = sales我們還可以得到AC凈利潤(rùn) = MC 凈利潤(rùn) + OAR * (closing inventory – opening inventory )兩種成本法凈利潤(rùn)產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系的原因在于二者對(duì)于固定生產(chǎn)間接費(fèi)用的處理方式不同。由于在AC法中，cost of sales中固定生產(chǎn)間接費(fèi)用是按照銷(xiāo)售數(shù)量來(lái)計(jì)算的，而MC下減掉的是生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中發(fā)生的全部固定生產(chǎn)間接費(fèi)用，所以二者的凈利潤(rùn)會(huì)因?yàn)樯a(chǎn)數(shù)量和銷(xiāo)售數(shù)量的差異而有不同的結(jié)果，這個(gè)也是上面公式的來(lái)源。

　　同時(shí)，這三個(gè)公式是我們解決AC MC利潤(rùn)轉(zhuǎn)換相關(guān)計(jì)算題的關(guān)鍵，同學(xué)們一定要牢牢記在心中，并要會(huì)利用公式解決問(wèn)題。

　　四、AC MC的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)又是什么?

　　A：對(duì)于AC MC的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，老師有一個(gè)表格可以分享給大家。同學(xué)們只要能夠做到對(duì)表格中的內(nèi)容有基本的辨析就可以了~

　　來(lái)源：ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫

　　2020年ACCA12月考季即將要來(lái)了，在ACCA考試中，Absorption costing 吸收成本法和Marginal costing 邊際成本法一直都是考試的必考內(nèi)容。大家在備考當(dāng)中，經(jīng)常會(huì)對(duì)這兩個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)存在比較多疑問(wèn)，對(duì)此，會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)就為大家一一解答。

　　AC MC兩種成本法，具體的利潤(rùn)計(jì)算公式是什么呢?

　　A： AC MC下的利潤(rùn)是要根據(jù)利潤(rùn)表進(jìn)行計(jì)算的，二者的利潤(rùn)表結(jié)構(gòu)如圖。

　　那AC MC兩種成本法又有什么聯(lián)系?

　　A：兩種成本法的凈利潤(rùn)是存在聯(lián)系的：

　　AC凈利潤(rùn) = MC 凈利潤(rùn) + OAR * (purchase – sales )

　　同時(shí)根據(jù)存貨的變動(dòng)公式：opening inventory + purchase - closing inventory = sales

　　我們還可以得到

       AC凈利潤(rùn) = MC 凈利潤(rùn) + OAR * (closing inventory – opening inventory )

　　兩種成本法凈利潤(rùn)產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系的原因在于二者對(duì)于固定生產(chǎn)間接費(fèi)用的處理方式不同。由于在AC法中，cost of sales中固定生產(chǎn)間接費(fèi)用是按照銷(xiāo)售數(shù)量來(lái)計(jì)算的，而MC下減掉的是生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中發(fā)生的全部固定生產(chǎn)間接費(fèi)用，所以二者的凈利潤(rùn)會(huì)因?yàn)樯a(chǎn)數(shù)量和銷(xiāo)售數(shù)量的差異而有不同的結(jié)果，這個(gè)也是上面公式的來(lái)源。

　　同時(shí)，這三個(gè)公式是我們解決AC MC利潤(rùn)轉(zhuǎn)換相關(guān)計(jì)算題的關(guān)鍵，同學(xué)們一定要牢牢記在心中，并要會(huì)利用公式解決問(wèn)題。

　　AC MC的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)又是什么?

　　A：對(duì)于AC MC的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，老師有一個(gè)表格可以分享給大家。同學(xué)們只要能夠做到對(duì)表格中的內(nèi)容有基本的辨析就可以了~

　　好啦，以上就是大家經(jīng)常會(huì)存在的疑問(wèn)，不知道你的疑惑有沒(méi)有得到解答呢~

       來(lái)源：ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫

　　在ACCA考試當(dāng)中，MA科目有不少計(jì)算考題會(huì)難倒很多考生，對(duì)此會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)今天為大家?guī)?lái)有關(guān)MA科目幾道經(jīng)典考題，各位考生在作答完后可以看看答案解析進(jìn)行加以理解。

　　第一題

　　A company has the following budgeted costs and revenues:($ per unit)

　　Sales price 50

　　Variable production cost 18

　　Fixed production cost 10

　　In the most recent period, 2,000 units were produced and 1,000 units were sold. Actual sales price, variable production cost per unit and total fixed production costs were all as budgeted. Fixed production costs were over-absorbed by $4,000. There was no opening inventory for the period.

　　What would be the reduction in profit for the period if the company has used marginal costing rather than absorption costing?

　　A. 4,000

　　B. 6,000

　　C. 10,000

　　D. 14,000

　　答案：C

　　解析：考察AC和MC下利潤(rùn)調(diào)整公式AC=MC+OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory); Opening inventory + Production-Sales = Closing inventory;

　　得出Closing inventory- Opening inventory= Production-Sales=2000-1000=1000;最終AC-MC= OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory)=10*1000=10000。MC= AC-OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory)=26000-10*1000=16000

　　第二題

　　The following data relates to a company’s overhead cost.

　　Using the high low technique, what is the variable cost per unit (to the nearest $ 0.01) expressed in current year price?

　　A. $3.22

　　B. $4.13

　　C. $4.65

　　D. $5.06

　　答案：B

　　解析：將兩年前的Overhead costs調(diào)整到現(xiàn)在的價(jià)格水平下，即=3700*(155/121)=4739.67。高低點(diǎn)求出y=a+bx中的b，即=(13000-4739.67)/(3000-1000)=4.13

　　第三題

　　An investment centre earns a return on investment of 18% and a residual income of $300000. The cost of capital is 15%. A new project offers a return on capital employed of 17%.

　　If the new project were adopted, what would happen to the investment centre’s return on investment and residual income?

　　Return on investment Residual income

　　A Increase Decrease

　　B Increase Decrease

　　C Decrease Decrease

　　D Decrease Increase

　　答案：D

　　解析：新項(xiàng)目的ROCE 17%<投資中心的ROCE 18%，則投資新項(xiàng)目會(huì)造成投資中心部門(mén)整體ROCE的下降;但新項(xiàng)目的ROCE 17%>The cost of capital 15%;RI=Controllable profit-Controllable interest=Capital employed*17%- Capital employed*15%>0;則投資新項(xiàng)目會(huì)造成投資中心部門(mén)整體RI的上升。

　　第四題

　　A company calculates the following under a standard absorption costing system.

　　(i) The sales volume margin variance

　　(ii) The total fixed overhead variance

　　(iii) The total variable overhead variance

　　If a company changed to a standard marginal costing system, which variances could change in value?

　　A. (i) only

　　B. (ii) only

　　C. (i) and (ii) only

　　D. (i), (ii) and (iii)

　　答案：C

　　解析：(i)在AC下是Sales volume profit variance，在MC下是Sales volume contribution variance;(ii)在AC下是等于Fixed OH expenditure variance加上Fixed OH volume variance，在MC下只有Fixed OH expenditure variance。

　　來(lái)源：ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫

　　在備考ACCA過(guò)程中，做題同樣也是一個(gè)必不可少的重要環(huán)節(jié)，尤其對(duì)于歷年的真題考生一定要做到舉一反三，下面會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)給大家?guī)?lái)關(guān)于MA科目幾道經(jīng)典例題，并針對(duì)相關(guān)高頻考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)講解。

　　第一題

　　A company has the following budgeted costs and revenues:($ per unit)

　　Sales price 50

　　Variable production cost 18

　　Fixed production cost 10

　　In the most recent period, 2,000 units were produced and 1,000 units were sold. Actual sales price, variable production cost per unit and total fixed production costs were all as budgeted. Fixed production costs were over-absorbed by $4,000. There was no opening inventory for the period.

　　What would be the reduction in profit for the period if the company has used marginal costing rather than absorption costing?

　　A. 4,000

　　B. 6,000

　　C. 10,000

　　D. 14,000

　　答案：C

　　解析：考察AC和MC下利潤(rùn)調(diào)整公式AC=MC+OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory); Opening inventory + Production-Sales = Closing inventory;

　　得出Closing inventory- Opening inventory= Production-Sales=2000-1000=1000;最終AC-MC= OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory)=10*1000=10000。MC= AC-OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory)=26000-10*1000=16000

　　第二題

　　The following data relates to a company’s overhead cost.

　　Using the high low technique, what is the variable cost per unit (to the nearest $ 0.01) expressed in current year price?

　　A. $3.22

　　B. $4.13

　　C. $4.65

　　D. $5.06

　　答案：B

　　解析：將兩年前的Overhead costs調(diào)整到現(xiàn)在的價(jià)格水平下，即=3700*(155/121)=4739.67。高低點(diǎn)求出y=a+bx中的b，即=(13000-4739.67)/(3000-1000)=4.13

　　第三題

　　An investment centre earns a return on investment of 18% and a residual income of $300000. The cost of capital is 15%. A new project offers a return on capital employed of 17%.

　　If the new project were adopted, what would happen to the investment centre’s return on investment and residual income?

　　Return on investment Residual income

　　A Increase Decrease

　　B Increase Decrease

　　C Decrease Decrease

　　D Decrease Increase

　　答案：D

　　解析：新項(xiàng)目的ROCE 17%<投資中心的ROCE 18%，則投資新項(xiàng)目會(huì)造成投資中心部門(mén)整體ROCE的下降;但新項(xiàng)目的ROCE 17%>The cost of capital 15%;RI=Controllable profit-Controllable interest=Capital employed*17%- Capital employed*15%>0;則投資新項(xiàng)目會(huì)造成投資中心部門(mén)整體RI的上升。

　　第四題

　　A company calculates the following under a standard absorption costing system.

　　(i) The sales volume margin variance

　　(ii) The total fixed overhead variance

　　(iii) The total variable overhead variance

　　If a company changed to a standard marginal costing system, which variances could change in value?

　　A. (i) only

　　B. (ii) only

　　C. (i) and (ii) only

　　D. (i), (ii) and (iii)

　　答案：C

　　解析：(i)在AC下是Sales volume profit variance，在MC下是Sales volume contribution variance;(ii)在AC下是等于Fixed OH expenditure variance加上Fixed OH volume variance，在MC下只有Fixed OH expenditure variance。

　　來(lái)源：ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫